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Makale Özeti:
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Before it was fully adopted by the Bosnian
language, a Persian loanword, from the moment it was
borrowed from the source (Persian) to the receiver
(Bosnian) language, would undergo various stages of
adaptation on the phonological, morphological, and
semantic plane. Due to the fact that many Persian words
entered the Bosnian language through Turkish as the
mediator language, a great number of semantic changes
occurred when the word was borrowed from Persian and
later used in Turkish. Later on, the same meaning from
Turkish would be transferred to Bosnian language. Words of
eastern origin, i.e. words from Turkish, Arabic or Persian,
made their way into the Bosnian language due to various
influences and during various periods of time. These words
were introduced to the Bosnian language mostly through
Turkish and are, for that reason, referred to as turcisms.
However, a more scientifically approved term is
orientalisms since not all of these words belong to the
Turkish lexical material, and since they involve a great
number of Arabic and Farsi phrases. This paper examines
the significance and role of the Turkish language as the
language mediator in the case of words of Persian origin
entering the Bosnian language. As loanwords, turcisms
were used mainly during the 500-year-long Ottoman rule in
Bosnia-Herzegovina, when the contact with the Turkish
language and culture was most immediate. For that reason,
the number of turcisms in the Bosnian language is quite
impressive. For instance, Škaljić’s Rječnik turcizama
(Dictionary of Turcisms) contains 8,742 words (expressions)
and 6,878 terms (1979: 23). During the Ottoman period,
Persian was the language of literature, especially poetry.
The most of the lexis of Persian origin entered the Bosnian
language owing to great Iranian classics, but also, indirectly
- through Turkish. Compared to Turkish and Arabic, lexis of
Persian origin is the least present – more than 600 words in
Škaljić’s Dictionary of Turcisms (Akopdžanjan 2010: 18).
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