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Makale Özeti:
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Khalwa is an experience of spiritual education which carried out under the supervision of a sheikh and in private spaces called cilehâne. During this education, abstraction of the murid from earthly feelings, thoughts and desires, cutting off all the contact with the world and being alone with the Lord are targeted. Khalwa is based on forty-day retreat of Prophet Musa on Mount Sinai and the days of Prophet Muhammed in the Cave of Hira. Khalwa has been effective for centuries in Sufi education. Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi (d. 1893), one of the representatives of the Naksibendi order in Anatolia, has implemented khalwa in spiritual education. Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi, raised by entering into khalwa, provides important information about the importance and application of khalwa in his work, Câmiu’l-usûl fi’l-evliyâ. This book deals with many issues such as preparation for seclusion, the properties of khalwa space, the principles and procedures of khalwa and prohibitions of khalwa. According to the description of Gumushanevi, khalwa is a sufi education which carried out under the supervision and permission of a mentor. Khalwa is based on eating less, sleeping less and talking less. Every emotion and thought about the world is left outside of the khalwa room. To get closer to Allah, a lot of zikrullah is needed. There are fasting at daytimes and praying at nights during a khalwa. After forty-day training, murid emerges from khalwa and goes among people. According to Gumushanevi it is unacceptable to continuously live isolated from the community.
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