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Makale Özeti:
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The article subject is the structure of the contemporary methodology of scientific cognition.
To the author opinion there are five parts in this structure: 1) general methodology of science,
2) areal methodology of science, 3) level methodology of science, 4) discipline methodology of
science, 5) culture-historical methodology of science. The subject of the general methodology of
science is the general science methods (observation, experiment, induction, hypothesis, deduction,
confirmation, falsification, explanation, prediction, etc.). The subject of the areal methodology of
science is the specific methods of the main areal scientific knowledge: mathematics, natural
sciences, social and humanity sciences, technical sciences. The subject of the level methodology of
science is the specific methods of the different levels cognition: sense data level, empirical level,
theoretical level, metatheoretical level. The subject of the discipline methodology of science is the
specific methods of the different sciences and different scientific disciplines (physics, chemistry,
physiology, psychology, sociology and etc.). The subject of the cultural-historical methodology of
science is the specific methods of the different cultural-historical types of science: antic science,
medial science, classical science, nonclassical science, postnonclassical (postmodern) science.
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